Gebruiker:Vacio/Klad

Armeense gemeenschap in Amsterdam 17e eeuw

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--vacio 23 nov 2011 19:54 (CET)

Bronnen

• De eerste generatie Armeniërs in Nederland
• "Handboek christelijk Nederland" Door E G Hoekstra, M.H. Ipenburg (Armeense kerk te Amsterdam)
• Centraal bureau voor genealogie
• Oude Kerk Amsterdam
• Armeens-Nederlands woordenlijst

• Huberta von Voss, Portraits of hope: Armenians in the contemporary world

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Pagina's

• Atlas van Nagorno Karabach
• Congres van Karabach
• Chatsjen
• Huis van Chatsjen
• Hasan-Jalal
• Achtdaagse veldslag
• Portaal Artsach

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Te vertalen

Early history

Zie History of Nagorno-Karabakh voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.

Mamkan of Dizak, Queen of Artsakh (1214-1265) from the Aranshahik Royal House.

Nagorno-Karabakh, historically called Artsakh, falls within the lands occupied by peoples known to modern archaeologists as the Kura-Araxes culture, who lived between the two rivers Kura and Araxes. Artsakh was first part of Armenia in the 4th century BC and from 189 BC of the new Armenian Kingdom, as one of its 15 provinces and remained continuously part of Armenia until the late 4th century. After the partition of Armenia between Byzantium and Persia in 387 AD, Artsakh became a part of Caucasian Albania.

Armenians have lived in the Karabakh region since Roman times. In the early Middle Ages, the native Albanian population of Highland Karabakh merged into the Armenian population after 1300 Islamic Turks moved into the steppes of lower Karabakh (to the east of Highland Karabakh).

From the 7th till the 9th century, Caucasian Albania was ruled by Caliphate-appointed governors, while Artsakh was ruled by the Armenian princely house of Aranshahik. According to ancient and medieval Armenian sources, the Albanian church was founded by Catholicos Grigor--the head of the Armenian Church--in the 4th c. AD. It was later fully absorbed by the Armenian Church.

The monastery at Gandzasar was commissioned by the House of Khachen and completed in 1240.

In the 9th century Artsakh was the scene of numerous battles of its rebelled people against the Arabian Army. In 821 one of this rebels, the Armenian prince Sahl Smbatian, established the House of Khachen, which would rule Artsakh as a princedom for over a millennium. In 1000 this house established the Kingdom of Artsakh, which reached its apogee under Jalal I (1214-1266). Afterwards this state continued as an Armenian princedom.

In the 15th and 16th centuries the Southern Caucasus was dominated by the Turkmans (the states of Kara Koyunlu and Ak Koyunlu). In 1555, after the fall of the Ak Koyunlu state, it passed to the Safavid dynasty of Persia.

Despite these conquests, the population of Nagorno-Karabakh remained largely Armenian and retained its sovereignty as a union of five princedoms. The hereditary rights of the princedoms of Karabakh were recognized by both the Turkoman leader Jahan Shah and the Persian king Abbas I the Great.

Between 1678 and 1828 the princes of Karabakh and Syunik, who were the last remnants of Armenian nobility, began the movement for the national liberation of the Armenian people and became a legend among the Armenians. Traditionally out of these five dynasties, only the Hasan-Jalalyans were natives to Karabakh, the other four came from other parts of the South Caucasus, however historically all of them were branches of the earlier House of Khachen

In the early 18th century, Persia's Nader Shah took Karabakh out of control of the Ganja khans in punishment for their support of the Safavids, and placed it under his own control At the same time, the Armenian princes were granted supreme command over neighboring Armenian principalities and Muslim khans in the Caucasus, in return for the princess' victories over the invading Ottoman Turks in the 1720s. In the mid-18th century, as internal conflicts between the princes led to their weakening, the Karabakh khanate was formed., albeit the Armenian princes maintained control over the region until the coming of the Russians in beginning of the 19th century.

Karabakh passed to Imperial Russia by the Kurekchay Treaty, signed between the Khan of Karabakh and Tsar Alexander I of Russia in 1805, and later further formalized by the Russo-Persian Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, before the rest of Transcaucasia was incorporated into the Empire in 1828 by the Treaty of Turkmenchay. In 1822, the Karabakh khanate was dissolved, and the area became part of the Elisabethpol Governorate within the Russian Empire. After the transfer of the Karabakh khanate to Russia, many Muslim families emigrated to Persia, while many Armenians were induced by the Russian government to emigrate from Persia to Karabakh.